Hills Like White Elephants and In Another Country Essay Example

Slopes Like White Elephants and In Another Country Essay Example Slopes Like White Elephants and In Another Country Paper Slopes Like White Elephants and In Another Country Paper Theodore Roethke has been cited for saying, â€Å"In a dull time, the eye starts to see.† What Roethke is stating is the point at which one is confronted with a hardship, reality of what their identity is appeared and their actual haziness gets obvious. Roethke’s quote is a pleasing one and can be demonstrated in two short stories by Ernest Hemingway, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† and â€Å"In Another Country.† In â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† the man experiences a â€Å"dark time† and the young lady understands the man’s genuine character. In â€Å"In Another Country,† the officers of World War I uncover their real nature after their demonstrations in the war inside the emergency clinic. These accounts contain proof to demonstrate Roethke’s quote as truth. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† has two principle characters, the man, the opponent, and the young lady, the hero. Both of them share a relationship that changes and is uncovered for its reality, during the contention of the couple repudiating each other on whether to prematurely end her unborn kid. Both of them are sitting at a train station in Madrid and examining the issue over a couple of beverages. One significant image is fused into the setting itself. One side of the train station is neglected and jumbled with grain, and has a solid cloudy, speaking to the man’s feeling. The rival side of the station has clear, far fields, is radiant, and has white mountains to the very foundation, with life of creatures joined, speaking to the girl’s assessment. The white mountains speak to the brilliant excellence of the kid, it helps her to remember white elephants, starting from the term trinket meaning something the proprietor can't get free of.The man is attempting to persuade the young lady that freeing the kid would profit them, that it’s sheltered, simple, and everything would come back to the standard a short time later. The young lady, notwithstanding, needs to keep and bring forth this youngster, despite the fact that the man is creating an upsetting contention. In the beginnin

Has United States foreign policy been guided Essay Example

Has United States international strategy been guided Essay Example Has United States international strategy been guided Essay Has United States international strategy been guided Essay 2003, p. 3 ) The sensible and advantageous substituting for Communism, after the surges of September 11, 2001, was Muslim fundamentalism, which needfully push American international strategy in the Middle East to the inside stage. American international strategy in the Middle East is one section where the battle between American optimism and American realism, each piece great as a disappointment of inventiveness in surpassing a Cold War-esque great versus evil’ worldview, has caused genuine disappointments in strategy that have gone past the sane and influenced the lives and prosperity of 1000000s of individuals non only in the Middle East, however over the Earth. The most essential outlines are the generally nonreversible help the US has methodicallly given to Israel at the disbursal of its neighbors, and the 2003 intrusion and resulting business of Iraq, which is currently broadly respected around the world, with the prohibition of the most hardline ideologists inside the Bu sh Administration and its couple of Alliess, as a fiasco. American help for Israel has been, and keeps on being, an exceptionally entangled issue represented by a perplexing blend of echt consideration, vision, and balanced histrionpractical governmental issues. As the biggest individual state on Earth with a populace owing the heft of its profound custom to Judeo-christian human advancement, the United States has a characteristic otherworldly partiality to, and proclivity for, the state comprising a piece of the geographics from which Christianity and Judaism sprung, Israel. There is other than an extra, less sound undercurrent of otherworldly fundamentalism to US support for Israel ; numerous Americans of outreaching, or fundamentalist Christian religion believe that Jews are God’s picked individuals and that it is subsequently proverbial that Israel keep a specific topographic point on the universe stage and lounge a specific cordial relationship with the US. To Muslims, unconventionally those in the Middle East, this is a self-cl early a profoundly violative impression ; to Buddhists and other Eastern religions, the full impression of a picked people blessed by an eternality who plays top choices to a great extent likely shows up senseless. There is other than a characteristic good inclination toward the problem of Jews, who experienced relentlessly flooring race murder during World War II, the comprehension for which is most likely a commendable factor in sing any well disposed connection between the United States and Israel. At last, there is a significant logic to US strategy towards Israel: the Middle East, being both a verifiably unpredictable hotbed of power and flimsiness and the area of oil basic to the advantage of the US. It has ever been in the US’ advantage, so to hold a thoughtful, solid partner in the part which partitions its qualities. Israel has ever served this capacity great, providing both a stabilizer to different states and civic establishments that do non accept incredibly of th e US each piece great each piece working as an intermediary political histrion in the part. Sadly, there is a pointless politico-strict exceptionalism that controls a piece of US vision, and which the US and Israel partition †viz. , a solid conviction that as reference points of favored opportunity and qualities, they are qualified for curb others, militarily or socially, who do non hold with that solid conviction, and that the organizations by which that coercion happens are, amusingly, much of the time excluded from judgment as being contradictory with those equivalent hallowed qualities. The United States and Israel are joined together, for delineation, in the conviction that Iran ought to non be permitted to have nuclear arms, yet the United States has the most savage hold of all states on Earth. Israel, while denying that is has nuclear arms ( all grounds to the opposite ) , lastingly declares its right, regardless of whether by title or power, to secure itself. Israel has more than once fought back against Palestinian Acts of the Apostless that slight human right s and qualities, for example self destruction bombardments, by responding with military tasks †plain and clandestine †which in any event fiddle with a similar monstrous methodological examination as their restrictions, rendering somewhat dishonest Israel’s moral approval. This equivalent forceful position the inclination for oneself defended pickings of preemptive political, financial, as well as military activity upon discretionary assurance has checked United States international strategy under the removal of George W. Shrub. Basically, the US and Israel much of the time do whatever they like under the rubric of self-protection, while take a firm standing that the organizations of making so are excluded from crystalline good appraising by different states. The confederation between the two, along these lines, has come at the disbursal of numerous other potential confederations in the Middle East and has built an articulated qualm and disgrace of the United States among numerous Muslims, who see American strategy in the Middle East as not well camouflaged Zionism, a unidimensional perspective which however meritable in some regard, twists the more sane and kindhearted thought processes the US has for its confederation with Israel. The terminal result in any example is that the US much of the time ends up in hard and dangerous condition of affairss with respect towards its associations in the Middle East because of its unbalanced partiality towards Israel. In spite of the fact that the Clinton and Bush removals publically pushed, and accomplished some work towards guaranting the privileges of Palestinians to hold their ain region existing together with Israel, the perceptual experience of partiality remains and contrarily impacts US cont ributions in the Middle East. One of the main feelings of resentment among those Muslim fundamentalists who participate in fear based oppressor exercises is their accusal that the United States favors Israel and affronts Islam. While whatever ethics this accusal may hold can non reason such boorish Acts of the Apostless of power, the issues hidden the accusal can non be overlooked in effective international strategy dynamic. Notwithstanding, the Bush Administration has shown little association in those issues, prefering punitory activity. The association among Israel and Iraq goes past their simple land propinquity. Without a doubt, the other sore topographic point in American international strategy in the Middle East is its cataclysmal disappointment in Iraq, and this is non a chance. American vision, or an adaptation of it spread by an ideological movement prevailing in the international strategy arrangement of the Bush Administration known as neoconservatism, drove the US to involve and occupied Iraq, the endeavor deteriorating into a swamp that has cost the US over $ 400 billion ( US ) , more than 3,000 existences of American military powers, and estimations of between 30,000 †100,000 Iraqi expires †with not a single terminal to be seen. What roused these neoconservatives, and who right? Orchestrating to one of their ain, noted moderate international strategy mind Phillip Zelikow, the thought process behind Iraq needed to make with Israel: For what reason would Iraq assault America or use nuclear arms against us? I ll state you what I think the existent danger ( is ) and truly has been since 1990 it s the threat against Israel†¦ And this is the hazard that challenge non talk its name, on the grounds that the Europeans do nt care profoundly about that hazard, I will state you sincerely. Furthermore, the American specialists does nt want to tilt exorbitantly troublesome on it logically, in light of the fact that it is non a well known sell. ( Zelikow, cited in Mekay, 2006 ) The neoconservatives of the Bush removal owe their judicious motivation for the most part to Leo Straus, a German-brought into the world political savant who fled Nazi Germany to escape abuse as a Jew. Strauss †¦ showed his followers a faith in absolutes, scorn for relativism, and happiness in theoretical recommendations. He affirmed of Plato s honorable equivocations, ’ hated quite a bit of current life, and accepted [ in ] a Straussian tip top in government†¦ ( Schlesinger, 2004 ) Neoconservative disciples of Strauss fumed at what they saw as American inability to pull off Iraq under Saddam Hussein. The attacks on the US of September 11, 2001, gave the screen to the neoconservatives to work out the Iraq work under the rubric of self-protection and preemptive activity. The neoconservative phantasy was that Iraq could be simple changed over into a majority rules system should the U.S. get rid of Saddam Hussein in a noteworthy demonstration of power. The idea, along t hese lines, was to set up a second pivot of US intermediary power in the Middle East to enhance the US confederation with Israel, which would in twist lead to a Domino outcome of American qualities being taught into the Middle East and providing a stabilizer to unfriendly Islamic flows and guaranting the wellbeing of American contribution in oil. In any case, Iraq has now slipped into a partisan common war between Muslim schemes who have little contribution in working as a reference point of American qualities, and the US government’s unscrupulousness in jointing its intentions in the war has now been broadly uncovered. In this occasion, the catastrophe in Iraq was a result of the triumph of optimist neoconservatism over realist sober mindedness in American international strategy. While American advantage in Middle East oil has ever given a steady pragmatist part to American international strategy, the marriage of and acquiescence of that practicality to the vision of neocons ervative political direction was a disaster in Iraq. The optimism impelling American international strategy in Iraq, by the by all around proposed it might hold been, experienced extraordinarily the hubris of self-accepted American social, good, and military high caliber. A poorly made a decision about blend of optimism and logic has prompted the US blunders Iraq, and not well made a decision about unconditioned help of Israel, the two of which harmed US inv

Metaphor of the Month! In Medias Res Richmond Writing

Metaphor of the Month! In Medias Res Richmond Writing I credit a student in my first-year seminar, The Space Race, for this. Id mentioned the phrase as the way many modern films begin, right in the middle of things, without so much as a credit-roll. This is a handy term for studying narratives, in books or films. Often we feel dropped right in, which can add both confusion and excitement. After class, my student prudently corrected my version, in media res, which I see from time to time. Our metaphor is pure Latin, so the correct case for the second word is medias. The OED lists many Latin phrases, such as  in memoriam   or  in nomine that we still use in certain formal, sacred, or academic settings. Bryan Garners Modern American usage cautions us to check spellings, as  in memoriam  sometimes appears as memorium. Thats incorrect. Heres a usage example. I was teaching Damian Chazelles excellent film  First Man, and a viewers first encounter with Neil Armstrong, in medias res, is in the cockpit of an X-15 rocket plane about to blast into the upper atmosphere. Nothing boring about that! Note that I put the foreign phase weve borrowed into italics. I bow to the wisdom of the post at The Grammarist that does likewise. Our pick this week might be considered just a phrase, not a metaphor, but considering how loosely I hear it employed by learned speakers, Im going to side with its figurative usage, as in There we were,  in medias res,  when he burst in and made things a  shambles. That could mean the interloper burst in early on, came late, or simply appeared, unbidden. One might not be interrupted in the middle to employ our metaphor. Yes, a few of us still drop in a Latin phrase. I love Academia. I cant resist working in old Metaphors of the Month, as I did with shambles just now. Send us more, and Words of the Week too,  by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Metaphors of the Month  here  and Words of the Week  here. Image courtesy of NASAs Armstrong Flight Research Center. Neil Armstrong, incidentally, so respected Hugh L. Dryden, whose name had been on the facility, that he tried to keep NASA from renaming it. That says a lot about a very humble American hero who first stepped on the Moon. Any time I can work an X-15 or any other rocket plane or spacecraft into a post about literary terms, I shall.

Jomo Kenyatta The First President of the Republic of Kenya

Jomo Kenyatta was the first president of the Republic of Kenya. Born in 1889 in Gatundu Kiambu Kenya, Kenyatta he grew to become one of the African prominent independent leaders. However, his rise into power in the wake of colonization was not a royal road. He was involved in major struggles for independence both in Kenya and other African countries. He managed to acquire education during the times when few Africans were going to school. Kenyatta completed his mission school education in 1912 and became a carpenter. After his initiation which involved physical circumcision as per the Kikuyu culture, he became a renowned person among his people. He was later baptised at the Scotland mission church. His name was changed from John Peter Kamau†¦show more content†¦During this time, Kenyatta was sent to London to represent his party in discussions regarding colonial administration. However, the secretary of the colonies did not recognize him and refused to meet him. While in Brit ain, he wrote a number of letters including The Times which highlighted some of the key issues of his party and people . The letter included the following; the demand to security of land tenure and return of the land that British settlers had taken, increased education opportunities for Africans, include black Africans representatives in the legislative council, Africans be allowed to practice their traditional customers as well as he repealed the removal of hut and pool taxes that had been enacted by the European settlers. Kenyatta also warned the British authorities that the failure to act would have disastrous results. Having set his agenda to the international community, he returned to Kenya in 1930. However, among the five requests he had submitted to the British colony, only one regarding education opportunities for Africans was satisfied . In less than a year, Kenyatta went back to Britain to represent KCA in a parliamentary commission and as was the case in the previous arrangement, he was ignored. This time, he did not return to Kenya immediately, but went to Birmingham and enrolled in one of the local colleges. As the facet would have it, he stayed away from Kenya for 15 years. He completed his course and went back to London inShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Colonization On The Africana Continent1776 Words   |  8 Pageslives. Pride was once again among the people. Jomo Kenyatta, known as the Father of the Kenyan Nation, was a man who came from the land he was fighting to reclaim for himself and his people. Land that was simply taken from them, regardless that generations of their family had lived there. Kenyatta gave a powerful voice to the Kikuyu people, encouraging them to never lose hope of XXXXX Jomo Kenyatta was born Kamau wa Ngengi southwest of Mt. Kenya in Gatundu into the Kikuyu sometime in the 1890sRead MoreThe Republic Of Kenya, An African Country1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe Republic of Kenya, an East African country that lies on the equator within the Indian Ocean to its south-east, has a total land area of 581,000 square kilometers and a total water covered area of 11,000 square kilometers. Kenya is one of the most culturally rich countries with a blend of different ethnic groups and cultures in Africa. There are at least 40 different ethnic groups in Kenya today. In terms of religion, Christianity is the most populated in Kenya with about 82.5% of the Kenyan peopleRead MoreThe Between Chile And Jamaica Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesKenya, Chile and Jamaica are three counties represent Africa, Latin America, and Caribbean.Africa, Latin America, and Caribbean have a lot of similarity.They shared history that dates back to the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, these regi ons are also part of the Global South and most countries of them are colonies of Europe.Therefore, their cultures are mixtures of European and indigenous cultures and their regions and office languages are very similar.Along with development of the times and progressRead MoreKenyan Coast Of East Africa1000 Words   |  4 Pages2000 BC, Cushitic-speaking people from northern Africa settled in the part of East Africa that is now Kenya. By the 1st Century AD, the Kenyan coast was frequented by Arab traders, who due to Kenya s proximity to the Arabian Peninsula, established Arab and Persian colonies there. The Nilotic and Bantu people also moved into the region during the first millennium AD. and settled inland Kenya straddles the Equator, and is located on the eastern coast of Africa. Roughly one and half times the sizeRead MoreCharacteristics Of Culture In Kenya1896 Words   |  8 PagesKenya is located in southern Africa and included as one of countries in the Horn of Africa. The word Kenya brings to mind African safaris with elephants, giraffes, lions, tigers, and rhinoceros roaming the Serengeti with the sun setting on the horizon, great running athletes, beautifully carved masks, and ethnic people dressed in bright costumes while engaged in chants and dance to the beat of African drums. It presents itself as picturesque, happy, peaceful, and one can almost hear the music fromRead MorePestle Mcdonalds in India Essay1752 Words   |  8 Pages1966. While it is unlikely that U.S. President Barack Obama will acknowledge Malcolm’s joining the ancestors, people from Cape Town to Nova Scotia and Brazil to Brixton definitely will. Unlike other U.S. presidents, President Obama knows who Malcolm was and what he stands for. Like many males with African roots, President Obama was moved by Malcolm’s life story. A cursory reading of his autobiography, â€Å"Dreams from My Father,† will prove this point. President Obama is truly an African American; partsRead MoreKenya: a Developing Country Essay2294 Words   |  10 PagesKenya: A Developing Country With the discovery of certain human fossils, some being over 3 million years old, many paleontologists believe that Kenya was the â€Å"cradle of humanity.† Currently, Kenya’s population is comprised of over 97 percent of people of African descent with nearly 40 ethnic groups. Lying on the equator between Ethiopia, Sudan, and Uganda, Kenya is located on the eastern coast of Africa. Kenya is one of the most famous safari destinations in Africa, attracting people from allRead MoreMedia Development in Kenya3691 Words   |  15 PagesDEVELOPMENT IN KENYA 1960 TO LATE 1990 This article highlights the role of Mzee Kenyatta’s nation building press and Media in the â€Å"Nyayo Republic† in developing media in Kenya. Kenyatta’s reign was characterized by less stringent controls of the media. Moi on the other hand towered Kenya’s political scene during his regime and greatly impacted the direction the media took through his relations with them and the policies that his government put in place. Of interest is the fact that Kenya had just acquiredRead MoreInternational Trade; Kenya and China1944 Words   |  8 PagesTHE REASONS WHY COUNTRIES TRADE: THE BENEFITS AND DISADVANTAGES TRADE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KENYA AND CHINA: REASONS WHY THE TWO COUNTRIES TRADE Table of content 1.0 International trade 1.1 Reasons why countries trade 1.2 Benefits of trade 1.3 Disadvantages of trade 2.0 Trade relations between Kenya and China 2.1 Volume of trade between kenya and 2.2Reasons for the Trade relations between Kenya and China 3.0 References 1.0 International Trade International trade is exchange of capital, goods, andRead MoreDevelopment of Education in Kenya5449 Words   |  22 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 Definition of terms 3 1.2 Background information 4 1.2.1 Pre-colonial education 4 1.2.2 Post colonial education in Kenya (Neocolonialism) 4 1.3 National Aims/Goals of Education in Kenya 6 1.4 Structure of education 6 1.4.1 Early Childhood Development and Education 7 1.4.2 Primary education 8 1.4.3 Secondary education 9 1.4.4 Teacher Education 9 1.4.5 Tertiary Education 10 1.4.6 University education 11 1.5 Administration system 11

How do the Poets Explore the Theme of Death in Educating...

Tone is very important in poetry as it plays a role in the way the characters within the poem are portrayed, the way we perceive the writers intentions and it sets the mood when reading the poem. This can clearly be seen with â€Å"mother in a refugee camp† as the poem overall has a very hopeless and harsh tone and this can be seen when the narrator of the poem say, â€Å"She soon would have to forget† in the context that the death of the child is inevitable and they are hopeless as they cannot defy destiny. This is also harsh as the poet does not cover up death with euphemisms but is very straight forward saying that there is no other choice other than to forget. When it comes to describing the mother it becomes a very gentle and caring tone and†¦show more content†¦The pleading tone can be seen in the poem when Dylan Thomas says, â€Å"Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.† This comes as plea to his dad to fight death and not give in and this also emphasizes Dylan Thomas’s desperation for his father to wake up and not give in. On the other hand with â€Å"Remember† the tone develops as you go through the poem and it goes from a commanding tone to one that is accepting towards the end and this can be seen when Christina Rossetti says, â€Å"Better by far you should forget and smile than that you should remember and be sad.† This shows us that the character actually cares about the feelings of the person that loves her as she would rather that they forget and be happy than for them to remember and be sad. This development of tone comes as a natural due to the fact that the nature of the poem is a sonnet. Sonnets tend to convey a problem in the first octave and find the solution to that problem in the last sestet and this can clearly be seen in â€Å"remember† as she is telling them to remember but then she realizes that she cannot hold on to them forever and actually sets them free. As for â€Å"E for L† the poem on a whole is provocative and angry and this can be seen with multiple and ruthless acts of murder that he commits with no mercy at all. These include â€Å"I squash flies against the window† and â€Å"I pour the gold fish down the bog† these acts of murder emphasize how dangerous, psychotic and deluded this person really is. They also highlightShow MoreRelatedHow do the Poets Explore the Theme of Death in Educating for Leisure, Mother in a Refugee Camp, Do not go Gentle into that Good Night, Remember, T...822 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage plays a crucial role in helping a poet get his point across and this can be seen used be all the poems to help them explore the theme of death with the reader. This includes the formal, brutal and emotive language that Chinua Achebe uses in â€Å"mother in a refugee camp.† This can be seen when Achebe says, â€Å"The air was heavy with odor of diarrhea, of unwashed children with washed out rib s† this is very brutal and the is no holding back with the use of a euphemism or a simile as seen in the otherRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesSolidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress

What is the value of people management to project management Free Essays

string(150) " of the traditional approach to project management, the execution stage leads to the control and monitoring of any project \(Morgenson et al, 2013\)\." Abstract People skills and their value to project management have become a substantial topic of debate as the international community develops business strategies. This essay examines the project management field with a focus of evaluating the importance of the human element. The evidence presented demonstrates that developing strategies are relying more often on an adaptive framework that incorporates heavy human resources and relations efforts with positive results. We will write a custom essay sample on What is the value of people management to project management? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This work will be of interest to any person studying the field of project management. 1 Introduction The question of how important people skills are in project management efforts has become a growing topic of debate (Morgeson et al, 2013). Seemingly once overlooked, the elements of human resources and the potential to encourage a higher rate of performance suggest an emerging innovative nature among the leaders of the business community. Beginning with a base overview of project management efforts, this essay works to illustrate the importance that the ability to effectively manage people can have on any form of project. 2 Project Management The commonly held definition of project management is the entire creation and control of a specific aim made up of several interlocking elements including planning, acquisition, motivation and resolution of day to day issues (Lock et al, 2013). This definition outlines the expectation that the project manager is the person in control of any individual effort, making each of the decisions that this persons makes critical to the nature of the underlying project. There are a wide range of management choices to be made from the very first, withincluding incremental, iterative, phased and lean making each element fragile (Lock et al, 2013). With each separate method of implementation there is a real focus on creating a strategy that is effective at managing resources as well as successfully reaching deadlines and achieving goals. In order to achieve this first step and reach a positive conclusion, the skill of efficiently utilising resources, including employees and human resources, must be a cornerstone of strategy (Larsen et al, 2013). This revelation suggests a tacit support for the inclusion of the human element at every level of emerging project planning theory. Yet, with this rising recognition of value and potential in the human resources element, the question of why previous generations did not associate such potential becomes a question. Two central approaches to project management have come to encompass the field; Traditional and Agile (Kerzner, 2003). With the names signifying the defining parameters of each avenue the traditional has been the most used and recognised process with the Agile form coming to represent the need to remain flexible, or adaptable in the face of modern competition and circumstances (Kerzner, 2003). The Agile method is based on the traditional approach with an increased emphasis on the associated human elements that contribute to the trait of adaptability (Kerzner, 2003). As the case study of ITNET in the UK in 2003 suggested that the addition of soft skills or increased human resources capacity adds a great deal in area of motivation to any on-going project (Cowie, 2003). This is suggestive that t at the turn of the century there was a building recognition of human resources skill value as well as the need to maintain this level of skill in the developing systems in order to enhance succe ss opportunities. Of the several approaches offered, the traditional method has been commonly associated with a general project management application (Pandey, 2008). This avenue consists of five well recognised principles that are expected to be met, with each area directly associated with employee, or human, oversight. Initiation, design, execution, monitoring and completion make up the most common stages of any project (Pandey, 2008). In every area this argument suggests that there is a basic need for human resources, and therefore there rests the potential for streamlining and improving performance. This is highly suggestive of the condition that there is a valid supposition for the inclusion of human resources in a progressive strategy. 2.1 Processes Creating a starting point for any project, the initiation process marks the moment that the base nature and effectiveness of the effort is determined (White et al, 2002). This requires a thorough understanding of the complexities of the task at hand as well as complete knowledge of the associated timetable and available resources. The placement of a quality person adds to the potential for a project to succeed from the moment this evaluation and determination takes place (Hiriyappa, 2009). This stage outlines the needs of the project as associated with the operating elements, which in turn is directly impacted by the choices of the person in charge (Hiriyappa, 2009), suggesting that this initial decision to put a person in place could be among the most critical of project management accomplishments. The planning and design stage of any project is directly responsible for developing the underlying strategy that takes into account every element (Kerzner, 2003). This suggests that again, effective decision-making qualities and the capacity to identify positive properties in the associated employees allows for a smoother execution of strategy. Further, the human element of estimation and risk planning is directly associated with the personnel in place, which in turn can determine the success or failure of any project (Larsen et al, 2013). The evidence is suggestive of the demonstration that human resource decisions at this level reflect the needs of the project and assist in determining how well the effort is undertaken. The stage of execution follows planning, which in turn, requires an effective human resource effort in order to ensure that the standards of the developing project (Karjewski et al, 1999). This is an indication that components, such as direct management, quality control and long term planning, must be efficiently addressed at this stage, requiring human skills. This stage cannot be effectively concluded without testing the implementation efforts, which in turn demands the presence of leadership (Morgeson et al, 2013). Closely tied to the final stages of the traditional approach to project management, the execution stage leads to the control and monitoring of any project (Morgenson et al, 2013). You read "What is the value of people management to project management?" in category "Essay examples" This process of measurement and assessment require knowledge, experience and skill in order to properly operate, which requires a well-placed person, or team, with the inherent capacity to mee t these standards (Greenbert et al, 2005). Lacking an effective human resource placement, there is the real potential for a project to be diminished or halted all together, making this area once again one of pivotal importance. The final stage of the commonly held process is closing, or the true ending of the effort, with final closing and contract closure (Andersson et al, 2013). As each area of the project is judged complete and the terms of the contracts have been acknowledged, the leadership to efficiently tie up every remaining task is vital (Lock et al, 2013). This suggests that effective human resource skills at this juncture enable a far better understanding and capacity to complete and close out a project. As the evidence in the argrument demonstrates, there is a need for human resource considerations at every stage of the project management process. At each level the critical decisions needed require thoughtful and well-rounded people skills that has the inherent capacity to add a tremendous amount of positivity to any project. 2.2 Methodologies With the science of project management continuing to develop over the course of time, thereare several different approaches used in the effort to attain success (Lock et al, 2013). Clear differences in needs and goals make the choice of methodological tool essential to the project .Since its creation in the mid 1990’s the Prince2 has provided an output-oriented project management framework that has been used by many in the business world (Andersson et al, 2013). The Prince2 concept of management has been utilised by the Cheshire Constabulary in a positive manner dating from the year 2010 (Day, 2010). This system is credited with allowing the project to succeed and improve focus and overall results, yet at the same moment the case study acknowledges the support and human resources that were innate to the success of effort (Day, 2010). This is suggestive of the fact that human skills were needed during the effort. This perception that the framework allowed the leadership to rem ain on course and succeed in Cheshire, supports the need for an effective system. Yet, as Larsen et al (2013) argues in his project management work, the developing field of business requires new skills, which in turn continues to make the area of human resources essential to operations such as the Cheshire Constabulary. The Agile project management method employs an enhanced human component in order to attain goals and reach success (Larsen et al, 2013). Used more often in the world of technology and creativity, the Agile approach is different from the traditional planning method in that it is made up of many smaller elements combined, making it nearly impossible to plan beforehand (Larsen et al, 2013). The Agile project management process has been utilised at several high level projects that required creative and adaptive thinking with the inherent ability to find solutions outside of the norm. The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI, uses the Agile method in their Sentinel Project to a notable success, demonstrating the effectiveness of the process (Wernham, 2012). During the course of this effort, the Agile system was credited with recognising the potential in the employee’s and providing the means for leadership to make the most of it (Wernham, 2012). This evidence sugge sts that the incorporation of increased human relations ability increases the capacity of the effort to succeed, even in a very high stress environment. A second example of the Agile project management system finding traction in the modern world is found in the company Mastak (Somal, 2013). The need for an adaptable platform that with the ability to incorporate international opportunities, led to the decision to use the Agile approach. With the development and conclusion of the initial project, the Agile system was credited with providing the company the knowledge to produce what their clients needed through a better appreciation of the human element (Somal, 2013). This application of enhanced human resources to aid in the communication and day to day interaction with consumers to increase use, suggests that the area there potential in this area to a low cost method of enhancing production. With each method, the utilisation of human resources and leadership is vital to the success of the project. This is suggestive that the developing methods such as Agile will become more prominent as the need for adaptability continues to grow. 2.3 Human Resources Skill Set New and developing skill sets are necessary in order to accommodate the evolving area of project management and human resources (Miller, 2013). New skills, including sharing the vision and making workshops available, begin to play a role in developing communication (Miller, 2013). Further, the opportunity to assess needed change allows for the leadership to anticipate the needs of their employees, which in turn must be carried out in planning for these needs to be met (Miller, 2013). This requirement for adaptability is best demonstrated by the leadership, which in turn provides impetus for others to be influenced, thereby creating the needed environment (Miller, 2013). Finally, there should be a continual effort of communication education aimed at making the most of every personnel opportunity, thereby enriching the entire effort. At every step of these suggested enhancements rests the base requirement of increased psychological engagement with the employee’s in order to ma ke the project possible 3. Conclusion The question of how much importance people skills are in the project management effort has been assessed in the body of this essay with several interesting results. Efforts from the turn of the century illustrate a growing awareness of the need for increased employee outreach and communication. This trend is further supported by the additional case studies presented throughout the first decade of the century highlighting the success of project management methods using increased human resource outreach. The developing world of international business, with software, internet concerns and banking leading the way, are demanding a more adaptable method of project management, which in turn requires managers and employees that have the capacity to change on a moment’s notice. As this essay has shown, the importance of people management to the overall project is as essential as the presence of resources and funding. In the end, the evidence presented in this essay clearly suggests th at lacking a primary component, such as people management skills, creates the potential for a diminished project. 4. References Andersson, L., Jackson, S. and Russell, S. (2013). Greening organizational behaviour: An introduction to the special issue. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 34(2), pp.151–155. Cowie, G. (2003). The importance of people skills for project managers. Industrial and Commercial Training, 35(6), pp.256–258. Day, M. (2011). A Case Study: The Cheshire Constabulary Case Study. APM Group, 1(1), pp.1-15. Greenberg, J. and Colquitt, J. (2005). Handbook of organizational justice. 1st ed. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hiriyappa, B. (2009). Organizational behavior. 1st ed. New Delhi: New Age International. Kerzner, H. (2003). Project management workbook to accompany Project management – a systems approach to planning, scheduling and controlling, eighth edition. 1st ed. New York: Wiley. Krajewski, L. and Ritzman, L. (1999). Operations management. Reading, MA ua: Addison Wesley. Larsen, T. and Olaisen, J. (2013). Innovating strategically in information and knowledge management: Applications of organizational behavior theory. International Journal of Information Management, 33(5), pp.764–774. Ling, K. (2009). prInCE2Â ® 2009 pilot Case Study. Prince2, 1(1), pp.1-5. Lock, D. and Scott, L. (2013). Gower handbook of people in project management. 1st ed. Farnham, Surrey: Gower Publishing. Miller, D. (2013). Putting a people focus into project management. Project Manager Today, 1(1), p.1. Morgeson, F., Aguinis, H., Waldman, D. and Siegel, D. (2013). Extending corporate social responsibility research to the human resource management and organizational behavior domains: A look to the future. Personnel Psychology, 66(4), pp.805–824. Pandey, D. (2008). Rural project management. 1st ed. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Scott, N. (2010). Case Study: Using ITILÂ ® and PRINCE2Â ® Together. Axelos, 1(1), pp.1-10. Somal, V. (2013). Agile Project Management empowers teams at Mastek. APMG International, 1(1), pp.1-3. Wernham, B. (2012). Agile Project Management for Government Case study: Case study: The Success of the FBI Sentinel Project The Success of the F. Agile Business Conference, 1(1), pp.1-5. White, D. and Fortune, J. (2002). Current practice in project management—An empirical study.International Journal of Project Management, 20(1), pp.1–11. How to cite What is the value of people management to project management?, Essay examples

What is the value of people management to project management Free Essays

string(150) " of the traditional approach to project management, the execution stage leads to the control and monitoring of any project \(Morgenson et al, 2013\)\." Abstract People skills and their value to project management have become a substantial topic of debate as the international community develops business strategies. This essay examines the project management field with a focus of evaluating the importance of the human element. The evidence presented demonstrates that developing strategies are relying more often on an adaptive framework that incorporates heavy human resources and relations efforts with positive results. We will write a custom essay sample on What is the value of people management to project management? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This work will be of interest to any person studying the field of project management. 1 Introduction The question of how important people skills are in project management efforts has become a growing topic of debate (Morgeson et al, 2013). Seemingly once overlooked, the elements of human resources and the potential to encourage a higher rate of performance suggest an emerging innovative nature among the leaders of the business community. Beginning with a base overview of project management efforts, this essay works to illustrate the importance that the ability to effectively manage people can have on any form of project. 2 Project Management The commonly held definition of project management is the entire creation and control of a specific aim made up of several interlocking elements including planning, acquisition, motivation and resolution of day to day issues (Lock et al, 2013). This definition outlines the expectation that the project manager is the person in control of any individual effort, making each of the decisions that this persons makes critical to the nature of the underlying project. There are a wide range of management choices to be made from the very first, withincluding incremental, iterative, phased and lean making each element fragile (Lock et al, 2013). With each separate method of implementation there is a real focus on creating a strategy that is effective at managing resources as well as successfully reaching deadlines and achieving goals. In order to achieve this first step and reach a positive conclusion, the skill of efficiently utilising resources, including employees and human resources, must be a cornerstone of strategy (Larsen et al, 2013). This revelation suggests a tacit support for the inclusion of the human element at every level of emerging project planning theory. Yet, with this rising recognition of value and potential in the human resources element, the question of why previous generations did not associate such potential becomes a question. Two central approaches to project management have come to encompass the field; Traditional and Agile (Kerzner, 2003). With the names signifying the defining parameters of each avenue the traditional has been the most used and recognised process with the Agile form coming to represent the need to remain flexible, or adaptable in the face of modern competition and circumstances (Kerzner, 2003). The Agile method is based on the traditional approach with an increased emphasis on the associated human elements that contribute to the trait of adaptability (Kerzner, 2003). As the case study of ITNET in the UK in 2003 suggested that the addition of soft skills or increased human resources capacity adds a great deal in area of motivation to any on-going project (Cowie, 2003). This is suggestive that t at the turn of the century there was a building recognition of human resources skill value as well as the need to maintain this level of skill in the developing systems in order to enhance succe ss opportunities. Of the several approaches offered, the traditional method has been commonly associated with a general project management application (Pandey, 2008). This avenue consists of five well recognised principles that are expected to be met, with each area directly associated with employee, or human, oversight. Initiation, design, execution, monitoring and completion make up the most common stages of any project (Pandey, 2008). In every area this argument suggests that there is a basic need for human resources, and therefore there rests the potential for streamlining and improving performance. This is highly suggestive of the condition that there is a valid supposition for the inclusion of human resources in a progressive strategy. 2.1 Processes Creating a starting point for any project, the initiation process marks the moment that the base nature and effectiveness of the effort is determined (White et al, 2002). This requires a thorough understanding of the complexities of the task at hand as well as complete knowledge of the associated timetable and available resources. The placement of a quality person adds to the potential for a project to succeed from the moment this evaluation and determination takes place (Hiriyappa, 2009). This stage outlines the needs of the project as associated with the operating elements, which in turn is directly impacted by the choices of the person in charge (Hiriyappa, 2009), suggesting that this initial decision to put a person in place could be among the most critical of project management accomplishments. The planning and design stage of any project is directly responsible for developing the underlying strategy that takes into account every element (Kerzner, 2003). This suggests that again, effective decision-making qualities and the capacity to identify positive properties in the associated employees allows for a smoother execution of strategy. Further, the human element of estimation and risk planning is directly associated with the personnel in place, which in turn can determine the success or failure of any project (Larsen et al, 2013). The evidence is suggestive of the demonstration that human resource decisions at this level reflect the needs of the project and assist in determining how well the effort is undertaken. The stage of execution follows planning, which in turn, requires an effective human resource effort in order to ensure that the standards of the developing project (Karjewski et al, 1999). This is an indication that components, such as direct management, quality control and long term planning, must be efficiently addressed at this stage, requiring human skills. This stage cannot be effectively concluded without testing the implementation efforts, which in turn demands the presence of leadership (Morgeson et al, 2013). Closely tied to the final stages of the traditional approach to project management, the execution stage leads to the control and monitoring of any project (Morgenson et al, 2013). You read "What is the value of people management to project management?" in category "Essay examples" This process of measurement and assessment require knowledge, experience and skill in order to properly operate, which requires a well-placed person, or team, with the inherent capacity to mee t these standards (Greenbert et al, 2005). Lacking an effective human resource placement, there is the real potential for a project to be diminished or halted all together, making this area once again one of pivotal importance. The final stage of the commonly held process is closing, or the true ending of the effort, with final closing and contract closure (Andersson et al, 2013). As each area of the project is judged complete and the terms of the contracts have been acknowledged, the leadership to efficiently tie up every remaining task is vital (Lock et al, 2013). This suggests that effective human resource skills at this juncture enable a far better understanding and capacity to complete and close out a project. As the evidence in the argrument demonstrates, there is a need for human resource considerations at every stage of the project management process. At each level the critical decisions needed require thoughtful and well-rounded people skills that has the inherent capacity to add a tremendous amount of positivity to any project. 2.2 Methodologies With the science of project management continuing to develop over the course of time, thereare several different approaches used in the effort to attain success (Lock et al, 2013). Clear differences in needs and goals make the choice of methodological tool essential to the project .Since its creation in the mid 1990’s the Prince2 has provided an output-oriented project management framework that has been used by many in the business world (Andersson et al, 2013). The Prince2 concept of management has been utilised by the Cheshire Constabulary in a positive manner dating from the year 2010 (Day, 2010). This system is credited with allowing the project to succeed and improve focus and overall results, yet at the same moment the case study acknowledges the support and human resources that were innate to the success of effort (Day, 2010). This is suggestive of the fact that human skills were needed during the effort. This perception that the framework allowed the leadership to rem ain on course and succeed in Cheshire, supports the need for an effective system. Yet, as Larsen et al (2013) argues in his project management work, the developing field of business requires new skills, which in turn continues to make the area of human resources essential to operations such as the Cheshire Constabulary. The Agile project management method employs an enhanced human component in order to attain goals and reach success (Larsen et al, 2013). Used more often in the world of technology and creativity, the Agile approach is different from the traditional planning method in that it is made up of many smaller elements combined, making it nearly impossible to plan beforehand (Larsen et al, 2013). The Agile project management process has been utilised at several high level projects that required creative and adaptive thinking with the inherent ability to find solutions outside of the norm. The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI, uses the Agile method in their Sentinel Project to a notable success, demonstrating the effectiveness of the process (Wernham, 2012). During the course of this effort, the Agile system was credited with recognising the potential in the employee’s and providing the means for leadership to make the most of it (Wernham, 2012). This evidence sugge sts that the incorporation of increased human relations ability increases the capacity of the effort to succeed, even in a very high stress environment. A second example of the Agile project management system finding traction in the modern world is found in the company Mastak (Somal, 2013). The need for an adaptable platform that with the ability to incorporate international opportunities, led to the decision to use the Agile approach. With the development and conclusion of the initial project, the Agile system was credited with providing the company the knowledge to produce what their clients needed through a better appreciation of the human element (Somal, 2013). This application of enhanced human resources to aid in the communication and day to day interaction with consumers to increase use, suggests that the area there potential in this area to a low cost method of enhancing production. With each method, the utilisation of human resources and leadership is vital to the success of the project. This is suggestive that the developing methods such as Agile will become more prominent as the need for adaptability continues to grow. 2.3 Human Resources Skill Set New and developing skill sets are necessary in order to accommodate the evolving area of project management and human resources (Miller, 2013). New skills, including sharing the vision and making workshops available, begin to play a role in developing communication (Miller, 2013). Further, the opportunity to assess needed change allows for the leadership to anticipate the needs of their employees, which in turn must be carried out in planning for these needs to be met (Miller, 2013). This requirement for adaptability is best demonstrated by the leadership, which in turn provides impetus for others to be influenced, thereby creating the needed environment (Miller, 2013). Finally, there should be a continual effort of communication education aimed at making the most of every personnel opportunity, thereby enriching the entire effort. At every step of these suggested enhancements rests the base requirement of increased psychological engagement with the employee’s in order to ma ke the project possible 3. Conclusion The question of how much importance people skills are in the project management effort has been assessed in the body of this essay with several interesting results. Efforts from the turn of the century illustrate a growing awareness of the need for increased employee outreach and communication. This trend is further supported by the additional case studies presented throughout the first decade of the century highlighting the success of project management methods using increased human resource outreach. The developing world of international business, with software, internet concerns and banking leading the way, are demanding a more adaptable method of project management, which in turn requires managers and employees that have the capacity to change on a moment’s notice. As this essay has shown, the importance of people management to the overall project is as essential as the presence of resources and funding. In the end, the evidence presented in this essay clearly suggests th at lacking a primary component, such as people management skills, creates the potential for a diminished project. 4. References Andersson, L., Jackson, S. and Russell, S. (2013). Greening organizational behaviour: An introduction to the special issue. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 34(2), pp.151–155. Cowie, G. (2003). The importance of people skills for project managers. Industrial and Commercial Training, 35(6), pp.256–258. Day, M. (2011). A Case Study: The Cheshire Constabulary Case Study. APM Group, 1(1), pp.1-15. Greenberg, J. and Colquitt, J. (2005). Handbook of organizational justice. 1st ed. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hiriyappa, B. (2009). Organizational behavior. 1st ed. New Delhi: New Age International. Kerzner, H. (2003). Project management workbook to accompany Project management – a systems approach to planning, scheduling and controlling, eighth edition. 1st ed. New York: Wiley. Krajewski, L. and Ritzman, L. (1999). Operations management. Reading, MA ua: Addison Wesley. Larsen, T. and Olaisen, J. (2013). Innovating strategically in information and knowledge management: Applications of organizational behavior theory. International Journal of Information Management, 33(5), pp.764–774. Ling, K. (2009). prInCE2Â ® 2009 pilot Case Study. Prince2, 1(1), pp.1-5. Lock, D. and Scott, L. (2013). Gower handbook of people in project management. 1st ed. Farnham, Surrey: Gower Publishing. Miller, D. (2013). Putting a people focus into project management. Project Manager Today, 1(1), p.1. Morgeson, F., Aguinis, H., Waldman, D. and Siegel, D. (2013). Extending corporate social responsibility research to the human resource management and organizational behavior domains: A look to the future. Personnel Psychology, 66(4), pp.805–824. Pandey, D. (2008). Rural project management. 1st ed. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Scott, N. (2010). Case Study: Using ITILÂ ® and PRINCE2Â ® Together. Axelos, 1(1), pp.1-10. Somal, V. (2013). Agile Project Management empowers teams at Mastek. APMG International, 1(1), pp.1-3. Wernham, B. (2012). Agile Project Management for Government Case study: Case study: The Success of the FBI Sentinel Project The Success of the F. Agile Business Conference, 1(1), pp.1-5. White, D. and Fortune, J. (2002). Current practice in project management—An empirical study.International Journal of Project Management, 20(1), pp.1–11. How to cite What is the value of people management to project management?, Essay examples